Growth rates

Growth rates

Here we have compiled growth rate estimations for gases, regions, sectors, subsectors and countries. We use the simple compound average growth rate calculation:

r = (E(t+n)/E(t))^(1/t) - 1

where E is the emissions value in a given year t.

The code for producing these tables is here: link

A spreadsheet is also available: link


Gases

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Gas 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
CH4 8.22 8.48 9.71 10.62 0.31 1.37 1.00 0.89
CO2 22.70 25.81 34.14 37.93 1.29 2.83 1.18 1.79
Fgas 0.29 0.52 0.66 0.69 6.24 2.29 0.57 3.09
GHG 33.11 36.85 46.78 51.77 1.08 2.41 1.13 1.55
N2O 1.90 2.04 2.27 2.53 0.70 1.10 1.22 1.00

Regions (IPCC 6 Regions)

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Region 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
Africa 2.78 3.41 4.37 5.01 2.05 2.52 1.53 2.05
Asia and developing Pacific 9.79 12.29 20.12 25.37 2.30 5.05 2.61 3.34
Developed Countries 15.71 16.16 15.23 14.11 0.28 -0.59 -0.84 -0.37
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia 4.32 2.80 3.19 3.51 -4.24 1.30 1.08 -0.71
Intl. Aviation 0.26 0.36 0.46 0.64 3.21 2.58 3.65 3.13
Intl. Shipping 0.40 0.53 0.70 0.76 2.98 2.84 0.93 2.29
Latin America and Caribbean 3.72 4.73 5.55 5.86 2.43 1.62 0.60 1.58
Middle East 1.11 1.63 2.50 3.11 3.91 4.34 2.47 3.61

Sectors

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Sector 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
AFOLU 10.23 10.25 11.14 12.84 0.02 0.83 1.60 0.79
Buildings 6.38 7.53 9.14 NA 1.66 1.96 NA NA
Energy systems 11.96 14.03 18.18 19.83 1.61 2.62 0.97 1.76
Industry 11.28 12.40 17.61 NA 0.95 3.57 NA NA
Transport 5.11 6.30 7.62 NA 2.11 1.91 NA NA

Subsectors

Emissions (MtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Sector Subsector 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
AFOLU Enteric Fermentation (CH4) 2477.55 2494.50 2766.36 2983.74 0.07 1.04 0.84 0.64
AFOLU Managed soils and pasture (CO2, N2O) 1057.60 1119.73 1259.50 1389.43 0.57 1.18 1.10 0.95
AFOLU Rice cultivation (CH4) 1063.16 911.02 1008.77 1025.12 -1.53 1.02 0.18 -0.13
AFOLU Manure management (N2O, CH4) 385.76 380.57 403.73 428.50 -0.14 0.59 0.66 0.36
AFOLU Synthetic fertilizer application (N2O) 223.88 247.97 301.91 342.98 1.03 1.99 1.43 1.48
AFOLU Biomass burning (CO2, CH4) 41.97 46.17 59.01 68.68 0.96 2.48 1.70 1.71
Buildings Residential 2224.04 2172.67 2235.82 2372.07 -0.23 0.29 0.66 0.22
Buildings Non-residential 782.28 714.04 826.96 902.11 -0.91 1.48 0.97 0.49
Buildings Non-CO2 (all buildings) 0.01 22.96 26.50 24.18 117.69 1.45 -1.01 31.00
Energy systems Electricity & heat 7655.36 9420.24 12617.10 13824.56 2.10 2.97 1.02 2.06
Energy systems Oil and gas fugitive emissions 1766.96 2250.40 2349.77 2603.87 2.45 0.43 1.15 1.35
Energy systems Other (energy systems) 1003.37 901.54 1303.36 1336.25 -1.06 3.75 0.28 0.99
Energy systems Coal mining fugitive emissions 910.45 760.82 1150.19 1277.14 -1.78 4.22 1.17 1.17
Energy systems Petroleum refining 529.14 600.54 627.09 632.27 1.27 0.43 0.09 0.62
Energy systems Biomass energy systems 96.59 95.07 128.29 154.45 -0.16 3.04 2.08 1.63
Industry Other (industry) 2562.73 2566.21 3892.13 3847.95 0.01 4.25 -0.13 1.41
Industry Metals 1550.65 1578.46 2537.31 3192.45 0.18 4.86 2.58 2.52
Industry Chemicals 1658.77 1850.50 2411.80 2788.15 1.10 2.68 1.62 1.81
Industry Waste 1577.82 1804.27 2036.50 2343.30 1.35 1.22 1.57 1.37
Industry Cement 514.67 731.09 1387.95 1521.86 3.57 6.62 1.03 3.81
Transport Road 3383.51 4329.85 5286.91 6162.33 2.50 2.02 1.72 2.09
Transport International Shipping 374.84 503.21 669.23 727.08 2.99 2.89 0.93 2.31
Transport International Aviation 260.34 357.29 461.05 636.57 3.22 2.58 3.65 3.13
Transport Other (transport) 481.06 452.91 504.87 514.11 -0.60 1.09 0.20 0.23
Transport Domestic Aviation 286.86 323.39 293.76 394.65 1.21 -0.96 3.33 1.11
Transport Inland Shipping 101.31 124.33 137.09 178.38 2.07 0.98 2.97 1.97
Transport Rail 137.79 94.26 94.93 101.19 -3.73 0.07 0.71 -1.06

Countries

Emissions (MtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Country 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
Afghanistan 13.43 15.53 28.41 30.42 1.46 6.23 0.76 2.86
Albania 11.38 7.14 7.96 9.36 -4.56 1.09 1.82 -0.67
Algeria 145.88 180.26 207.13 276.47 2.14 1.40 3.26 2.23
American Samoa 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.17 -0.27 -0.27 0.56
Angola 33.71 70.05 77.33 82.91 7.59 0.99 0.78 3.15
Anguilla 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 8.22 4.11 1.47 4.67
Antigua and Barbuda 0.49 0.51 0.66 0.61 0.42 2.46 -0.73 0.76
Argentina 272.56 320.24 372.05 391.90 1.63 1.51 0.58 1.26
Armenia 24.31 6.06 7.14 8.31 -12.96 1.65 1.71 -3.63
Aruba 0.55 0.95 1.07 0.90 5.52 1.20 -1.91 1.68
Australia 457.67 544.15 596.95 609.89 1.75 0.93 0.24 1.00
Austria 82.46 86.43 92.33 88.22 0.47 0.66 -0.51 0.23
Azerbaijan 69.79 41.24 47.81 60.60 -5.12 1.49 2.67 -0.49
Bahamas, The 3.02 3.48 3.04 2.57 1.46 -1.36 -1.83 -0.55
Bahrain 30.33 39.13 50.68 65.66 2.58 2.62 2.92 2.70
Bangladesh 136.36 153.77 210.82 277.86 1.21 3.21 3.12 2.48
Barbados 1.58 1.75 1.83 1.64 1.00 0.48 -1.26 0.11
Belarus 140.98 78.75 92.53 104.32 -5.66 1.63 1.34 -1.03
Belgium 145.15 157.58 148.64 133.00 0.83 -0.58 -1.23 -0.30
Belize 0.63 0.76 1.00 1.09 1.77 2.82 1.01 1.89
Benin 4.03 6.28 11.88 17.77 4.53 6.58 4.58 5.25
Bermuda 0.76 0.59 0.79 0.66 -2.57 3.04 -2.10 -0.52
Bhutan 1.12 1.48 2.09 2.43 2.78 3.51 1.71 2.70
Bolivia 30.97 31.90 45.64 59.86 0.30 3.65 3.06 2.30
Bosnia and Herzegovina 32.13 19.67 27.98 35.77 -4.79 3.59 2.77 0.37
Botswana 8.96 10.20 9.69 12.50 1.30 -0.51 2.87 1.15
Bouvet Island 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Brazil 698.82 945.38 1182.64 1290.97 3.07 2.26 0.98 2.14
British Virgin Islands 0.06 0.10 0.16 0.18 5.65 5.02 1.41 4.10
Brunei Darussalam 8.18 11.26 14.06 13.45 3.24 2.25 -0.49 1.73
Bulgaria 103.78 62.29 62.01 58.88 -4.98 -0.04 -0.57 -1.94
Burkina Faso 10.66 13.86 23.34 30.16 2.66 5.35 2.89 3.65
Burundi 2.92 2.88 4.48 6.54 -0.15 4.53 4.28 2.82
Cabo Verde 0.23 0.56 1.09 1.19 9.48 6.84 0.98 5.87
Cambodia 19.50 23.66 34.18 42.70 1.96 3.75 2.50 2.74
Cameroon 30.66 31.89 31.35 40.49 0.39 -0.17 2.88 0.96
Canada 593.77 727.52 728.93 766.12 2.05 0.02 0.55 0.88
Cayman Islands 0.30 0.43 0.54 0.53 3.71 2.35 -0.26 2.00
Central African Republic 4.93 7.01 9.08 11.02 3.58 2.62 2.17 2.81
Chad 10.41 25.53 45.03 75.43 9.39 5.84 5.90 7.07
Chile 58.60 85.48 102.79 118.90 3.85 1.86 1.63 2.47
China 3901.41 5290.25 11472.06 13971.38 3.09 8.05 2.21 4.50
Christmas Island 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Colombia 135.62 153.75 174.15 207.32 1.26 1.25 1.96 1.47
Comoros 0.33 0.45 0.60 0.83 3.07 2.93 3.78 3.24
Congo, Dem. Rep.  24.82 24.92 30.37 49.01 0.04 2.00 5.46 2.37
Congo, Rep.  11.19 21.75 22.64 23.20 6.87 0.40 0.27 2.54
Cook Islands 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 2.30 1.78 -0.58 1.22
Costa Rica 9.82 11.09 13.60 15.66 1.23 2.06 1.58 1.62
Côte d’Ivoire 10.66 17.69 20.82 28.60 5.20 1.64 3.59 3.46
Croatia 34.62 26.34 29.50 26.39 -2.70 1.14 -1.23 -0.93
Cuba 62.83 50.10 51.07 46.41 -2.24 0.19 -1.06 -1.04
Curaçao 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -8.69 -2.63 -3.91
Cyprus 5.32 8.06 9.47 8.97 4.25 1.62 -0.60 1.82
Czech Republic 195.83 153.72 144.45 128.79 -2.39 -0.62 -1.27 -1.43
Denmark 70.60 71.55 64.94 46.35 0.13 -0.96 -3.68 -1.44
Djibouti 2.05 1.95 2.05 2.35 -0.51 0.49 1.52 0.46
Dominica 0.11 0.18 0.22 0.25 4.70 2.31 1.21 2.78
Dominican Republic 17.76 28.71 34.40 43.61 4.92 1.83 2.67 3.15
Ecuador 38.13 45.36 68.53 68.62 1.75 4.21 0.02 2.05
Egypt, Arab Rep.  147.54 198.45 305.30 379.23 3.01 4.40 2.44 3.31
El Salvador 7.69 10.89 12.02 12.30 3.55 0.99 0.26 1.63
Equatorial Guinea 0.22 12.38 20.16 14.97 49.34 5.00 -3.25 15.59
Eritrea 4.69 5.54 5.67 6.67 1.69 0.22 1.82 1.22
Estonia 41.17 20.33 26.10 22.18 -6.81 2.53 -1.79 -2.11
Ethiopia 65.59 75.02 123.31 160.57 1.35 5.09 2.98 3.14
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 -0.23 0.74 -0.07 0.15
Faroe Islands 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.12 -0.01 0.19 0.10
Fiji 2.15 2.72 2.26 3.40 2.38 -1.83 4.66 1.60
Finland 84.30 85.17 96.26 73.48 0.10 1.23 -2.96 -0.47
France 544.69 549.52 512.18 446.29 0.09 -0.70 -1.52 -0.68
French Guiana 0.75 0.57 0.77 0.69 -2.58 3.05 -1.34 -0.29
French Polynesia 0.92 0.79 0.98 1.14 -1.61 2.25 1.70 0.73
French Southern Territories 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Gabon 20.23 27.09 20.72 19.37 2.96 -2.65 -0.75 -0.15
Gambia, The 0.94 1.25 1.99 2.20 2.91 4.75 1.13 2.98
Georgia 42.28 11.61 11.97 16.31 -12.12 0.31 3.50 -3.23
Germany 1239.41 1053.37 951.98 827.54 -1.61 -1.01 -1.54 -1.38
Ghana 10.82 15.91 23.10 38.90 3.93 3.80 5.96 4.51
Gibraltar 0.16 0.36 0.50 0.82 8.55 3.26 5.74 5.83
Greece 102.42 123.00 114.60 88.67 1.85 -0.70 -2.81 -0.50
Greenland 0.07 0.07 0.73 0.59 0.14 26.60 -2.24 7.77
Grenada 0.17 0.22 0.30 0.28 2.67 2.95 -0.75 1.69
Guadeloupe 1.80 2.02 2.35 2.16 1.17 1.51 -0.89 0.64
Guam 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 1.98 0.54 0.62 1.06
Guatemala 13.77 22.59 29.34 42.55 5.07 2.65 4.22 3.97
Guinea 7.36 11.01 18.25 25.76 4.10 5.19 3.90 4.41
Guinea-Bissau 1.58 1.94 2.58 3.03 2.07 2.89 1.79 2.26
Guyana 3.11 4.23 4.50 5.08 3.13 0.62 1.36 1.71
Haiti 6.22 8.12 12.04 14.16 2.70 4.02 1.81 2.88
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Honduras 9.54 12.05 19.23 23.63 2.36 4.79 2.31 3.18
Hong Kong SAR, China 38.36 46.20 48.10 48.58 1.88 0.40 0.11 0.82
Hungary 96.90 76.27 68.61 67.57 -2.37 -1.05 -0.17 -1.24
Iceland 4.55 3.95 5.02 4.84 -1.42 2.44 -0.41 0.21
India 1410.11 1887.32 2816.33 3660.14 2.96 4.08 2.95 3.34
Indonesia 423.89 592.88 784.13 1157.84 3.41 2.84 4.43 3.53
Int. Aviation 261.95 359.38 463.74 640.25 3.21 2.58 3.65 3.13
Int. Shipping 395.64 530.59 702.32 763.40 2.98 2.84 0.93 2.29
Iran, Islamic Rep.  330.31 524.71 800.83 964.76 4.74 4.32 2.09 3.77
Iraq 168.68 162.47 222.25 394.56 -0.37 3.18 6.59 2.97
Ireland 58.48 74.26 68.21 67.40 2.42 -0.85 -0.13 0.49
Israel 41.66 68.66 85.14 85.25 5.12 2.17 0.01 2.50
Italy 522.40 550.06 509.08 412.02 0.52 -0.77 -2.32 -0.82
Jamaica 9.24 12.16 8.89 10.15 2.78 -3.08 1.49 0.32
Japan 1315.24 1381.56 1325.55 1245.62 0.49 -0.41 -0.69 -0.19
Jordan 12.43 18.96 25.78 34.62 4.31 3.12 3.33 3.60
Kazakhstan 355.18 180.06 322.25 372.31 -6.57 5.99 1.62 0.16
Kenya 41.47 45.32 83.69 96.48 0.89 6.33 1.59 2.95
Kiribati 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 4.18 4.28 2.91 3.82
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.  167.69 101.71 79.52 48.05 -4.88 -2.43 -5.44 -4.22
Korea, Rep.  324.08 547.56 661.45 724.99 5.38 1.91 1.02 2.82
Kuwait 49.55 84.29 117.24 138.26 5.46 3.36 1.85 3.60
Kyrgyz Republic 34.08 11.19 14.16 23.44 -10.54 2.38 5.76 -1.28
Lao PDR 8.09 10.04 14.60 37.64 2.18 3.82 11.09 5.44
Latvia 28.20 10.79 13.14 13.25 -9.16 1.99 0.10 -2.57
Lebanon 7.94 18.16 24.33 33.53 8.63 2.97 3.62 5.09
Lesotho 2.06 2.68 2.80 3.01 2.68 0.43 0.81 1.32
Liberia 1.65 2.00 3.13 4.44 1.95 4.56 3.97 3.47
Libya 90.68 90.55 103.98 80.13 -0.01 1.39 -2.85 -0.43
Lithuania 47.53 19.41 23.07 22.91 -8.57 1.74 -0.08 -2.49
Luxembourg 12.73 9.88 12.28 10.69 -2.50 2.20 -1.52 -0.60
Macao SAR, China 1.01 1.46 1.22 2.45 3.70 -1.73 8.02 3.09
Macedonia, FYR 14.31 11.37 11.39 11.01 -2.28 0.02 -0.38 -0.90
Madagascar 24.66 26.98 29.94 33.74 0.90 1.05 1.33 1.09
Malawi 5.13 6.77 9.56 13.43 2.81 3.52 3.85 3.38
Malaysia 95.08 187.10 284.34 333.81 7.00 4.27 1.80 4.43
Maldives 0.14 0.66 1.01 1.97 16.37 4.39 7.67 9.42
Mali 12.87 17.05 27.69 41.64 2.86 4.97 4.64 4.13
Malta 2.52 2.38 3.06 2.12 -0.55 2.55 -3.99 -0.59
Marshall Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.15 0.24 0.49
Martinique 1.82 2.12 2.24 2.23 1.50 0.58 -0.07 0.70
Mauritania 6.49 8.96 11.04 13.79 3.28 2.11 2.50 2.64
Mauritius 1.93 3.27 4.50 4.79 5.39 3.25 0.70 3.18
Mayotte 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 4.81 3.36 2.68 3.65
Mexico 464.69 631.51 763.12 781.47 3.12 1.91 0.26 1.81
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.79 0.56 1.94 1.07
Moldova 37.78 10.14 11.66 12.36 -12.32 1.40 0.65 -3.78
Mongolia 25.83 25.34 37.43 66.95 -0.19 3.98 6.67 3.34
Montserrat 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.06 1.11 6.33 -3.50 1.40
Morocco 44.20 58.44 82.22 109.89 2.83 3.47 3.28 3.19
Mozambique 8.26 11.45 15.89 34.88 3.32 3.34 9.13 5.09
Myanmar 70.66 89.36 116.58 152.77 2.38 2.70 3.05 2.69
Namibia 6.98 8.29 9.79 12.18 1.74 1.68 2.46 1.94
Nauru 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.60 2.18 2.42 2.05
Nepal 30.83 35.22 40.50 51.82 1.34 1.41 2.78 1.81
Netherlands 223.82 233.82 224.94 192.02 0.44 -0.39 -1.74 -0.53
Netherlands Antilles 2.85 5.87 4.58 3.37 7.51 -2.46 -3.35 0.58
New Caledonia 1.91 2.92 3.90 5.75 4.35 2.94 4.42 3.88
New Zealand 70.46 82.16 85.33 88.09 1.55 0.38 0.35 0.77
Nicaragua 10.52 13.52 15.97 19.81 2.54 1.68 2.42 2.21
Niger 12.23 17.12 24.60 37.05 3.42 3.69 4.66 3.89
Nigeria 284.40 414.33 355.61 407.57 3.83 -1.52 1.53 1.25
Niue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 1.02 0.64 0.73
Norfolk Island 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Northern Mariana Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.43 -0.83 0.26 2.29
Norway 64.21 73.32 76.17 72.37 1.33 0.38 -0.57 0.41
Oman 33.40 52.03 83.82 126.61 4.53 4.88 4.69 4.70
Pakistan 210.12 289.99 388.66 516.25 3.27 2.97 3.20 3.15
Palau 2.32 2.22 2.20 1.36 -0.42 -0.12 -5.21 -1.83
Panama 7.28 9.97 15.25 16.15 3.19 4.34 0.64 2.78
Papua New Guinea 3.46 5.85 6.95 18.04 5.40 1.74 11.18 5.86
Paraguay 21.62 26.06 38.05 43.98 1.88 3.86 1.62 2.48
Peru 45.76 57.98 80.12 95.08 2.39 3.29 1.92 2.55
Philippines 107.58 147.64 170.62 247.98 3.22 1.46 4.24 2.92
Pitcairn 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Poland 523.80 425.10 436.55 417.16 -2.07 0.27 -0.50 -0.78
Portugal 58.76 81.73 69.59 66.40 3.36 -1.60 -0.52 0.42
Puerto Rico 3.73 4.29 4.86 6.89 1.39 1.26 3.97 2.14
Qatar 29.02 69.43 134.82 190.30 9.12 6.86 3.90 6.70
Réunion 1.22 2.60 3.10 3.23 7.81 1.80 0.46 3.41
Romania 247.19 134.02 122.11 119.26 -5.94 -0.93 -0.26 -2.48
Russian Federation 3080.75 2135.20 2251.25 2370.87 -3.60 0.53 0.58 -0.90
Rwanda 3.71 3.77 5.80 7.09 0.18 4.40 2.25 2.26
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.65 0.43 3.68 1.51
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.24 0.06 0.08 0.06 -12.88 3.02 -3.75 -4.80
Samoa 0.29 0.32 0.39 0.62 1.08 1.95 5.14 2.62
São Tomé and Principe 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.26 3.15 5.57 2.73 3.85
Saudi Arabia 234.80 346.77 595.91 736.57 3.98 5.56 2.38 4.02
Senegal 10.00 13.67 19.27 24.91 3.18 3.49 2.89 3.20
Serbia and Montenegro 85.89 83.28 100.39 110.67 -0.31 1.89 1.09 0.88
Seychelles 0.37 0.97 1.06 1.33 10.14 0.95 2.52 4.53
Sierra Leone 3.88 3.17 5.46 7.34 -2.01 5.60 3.33 2.22
Singapore 33.80 57.16 56.06 65.79 5.39 -0.19 1.80 2.32
Slovak Republic 74.87 51.89 50.11 45.55 -3.60 -0.35 -1.05 -1.70
Slovenia 23.32 21.48 23.21 20.22 -0.82 0.78 -1.52 -0.49
Solomon Islands 0.27 0.30 0.37 0.57 1.24 1.99 4.91 2.63
Somalia 24.76 26.63 27.79 29.47 0.73 0.42 0.66 0.60
South Africa 402.97 447.01 571.05 576.98 1.04 2.48 0.11 1.25
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Spain 299.99 394.44 381.03 339.32 2.77 -0.35 -1.28 0.43
Sri Lanka 22.30 27.37 32.65 44.82 2.07 1.78 3.58 2.44
St. Kitts and Nevis 0.10 0.20 0.26 0.21 7.74 2.45 -2.26 2.73
St. Lucia 0.26 0.38 0.46 0.43 3.79 1.87 -0.54 1.77
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.12 0.18 0.26 0.20 3.90 3.68 -2.98 1.64
Sudan 58.97 93.09 121.69 136.16 4.67 2.72 1.26 2.93
Suriname 2.81 2.45 2.82 3.09 -1.38 1.43 1.01 0.32
Swaziland 2.87 4.54 4.63 3.42 4.69 0.19 -3.31 0.60
Sweden 80.04 80.95 78.38 66.09 0.11 -0.32 -1.88 -0.66
Switzerland 54.96 54.21 55.70 49.35 -0.14 0.27 -1.34 -0.37
Syrian Arab Republic 63.90 86.45 91.86 40.74 3.07 0.61 -8.64 -1.54
Taiwan, China 142.31 252.48 303.16 308.19 5.90 1.85 0.18 2.70
Tajikistan 22.51 10.95 12.12 20.26 -6.95 1.01 5.88 -0.36
Tanzania 31.23 41.13 56.83 78.32 2.79 3.29 3.63 3.22
Thailand 214.15 294.96 406.44 415.46 3.25 3.26 0.24 2.31
Timor-Leste 0.72 1.14 5.53 5.84 4.67 17.08 0.61 7.46
Togo 3.39 4.89 7.38 9.71 3.72 4.20 3.10 3.69
Tokelau 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -1.39 0.67 -0.32
Tonga 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.48 0.88 1.61 0.97
Trinidad and Tobago 17.98 28.15 59.44 49.06 4.59 7.76 -2.11 3.52
Tunisia 23.72 32.95 41.84 43.67 3.34 2.42 0.48 2.13
Turkey 223.10 321.01 422.01 565.82 3.71 2.77 3.31 3.26
Turkmenistan 83.94 73.97 102.20 138.22 -1.26 3.29 3.41 1.73
Turks and Caicos Islands 0.01 0.07 0.17 0.23 29.12 9.83 3.84 14.13
Tuvalu 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.56 1.29 1.35 1.40
Uganda 16.15 21.37 37.84 50.04 2.84 5.88 3.15 3.98
Ukraine 961.04 453.49 399.57 277.65 -7.24 -1.26 -3.96 -4.19
United Arab Emirates 84.34 124.53 215.28 274.57 3.97 5.63 2.74 4.15
United Kingdom 782.92 704.31 600.26 459.63 -1.05 -1.59 -2.92 -1.82
United States 6236.40 7275.55 6763.13 6252.73 1.55 -0.73 -0.87 0.01
United States Minor Outlying Islands 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Uruguay 29.61 34.43 39.91 40.91 1.52 1.49 0.27 1.12
Uzbekistan 170.54 180.06 187.30 171.23 0.54 0.40 -0.99 0.01
Vanuatu 0.48 0.53 0.67 0.76 1.03 2.28 1.36 1.56
Venezuela, RB 166.03 219.16 272.30 195.15 2.81 2.20 -3.63 0.56
Vietnam 108.83 170.00 299.58 469.65 4.56 5.83 5.12 5.17
Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.60 0.11 -0.23 0.17
Wallis and Futuna 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.41 -0.10 -0.41 -0.02
Western Sahara 0.41 0.58 0.65 0.66 3.42 1.11 0.26 1.63
Yemen, Rep.  18.16 32.47 54.24 27.29 5.98 5.26 -7.35 1.41
Zambia 15.46 15.19 18.78 29.31 -0.18 2.15 5.07 2.23
Zimbabwe 34.59 33.03 28.36 30.75 -0.46 -1.51 0.90 -0.40

Decarbonising countries

Decarbonising countries

Some countries have sustained greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions for at least 10 years. This is true for multiple metrics, including territorial GHG emissions, territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and territorial GHG emissions including LULUCF CO2.

As shown in the individual plots by country, most reductions were made in the electricity and heat sub-sector. Some countries have been reducing for several decades, others in the past 10 years only.

Please note: this analysis is based on EDGAR v5 and is not currently up to date.


24 countries have reduced CO2 and GHG emissions for longer than a decade


Caption:
Links:

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Germany

Denmark

Spain

Finland

France

United Kingdom

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Macedonia, FYR

Netherlands

Portugal

Romania

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Sweden

Ukraine

United States

Info

Authors

The following team compiled the emissions data from underlying sources, designed and carried out the analysis, and produced the figures:

  • William F. Lamb (IPCC AR6 WGIII Ch2), Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)
  • Jan C. Minx (IPCC AR6 WGIII Ch2), Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)
  • Niklas Döbbling, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following authors: Alaa Al Khourdajie, Julia Pongratz, Robbie Andrew, Thomas Wiedmann, Monica Crippa, Jos G.J. Olivier, Jo House, Maria Figueroa, Yamina Saheb, Raphael Slade, Suzana Kahn Ribeiro, Smail Khennas, Stephane de la Rue du Can, Igor Bashmakov, Josep G. Canadell, Piers M. Forster, Diego Guizzardi, Glen P. Peters, Andy Reisinger, Matthew Rigby, Marielle Saunois, Steven J. Smith, Efisio Solazzo, Hanqin Tian, Michael Grubb

Data sources

We use the EDGAR v6.0 database of greenhouse gas emissions, which covers all major anthropogenic emissions sources and has a time span of 1970 to 2019 (Crippa et al 2019). EDGAR includes CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion derived from International Energy Agency data (IEA), supplemented with CH4 and N2O emissions from forest and peat fires taken from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED v4.1s; Van Der Werf et al 2017).

EDGAR does not include land-use, land-use change and forestry CO2 emissions and removals (LULUCF CO2 emissions). We therefore source these separately, using the average of three global bookkeeping models (Hansis et al 2015, Houghton and Nassikas 2017, Gasser et al 2020) in a convention established by the Global Carbon Project (Friedlingstein et al 2019). These include CO2 emissions from peat burning and draining from FAO and GFED.

Sector and region classification

We group greenhouse gas emissions sources into five sectors covering aspects of energy supply, including fossil fuel extraction, processing, transport and generation (energy systems sector), energy demand in final sectors (transport, buildings, and industry sectors), non-energy related process emissions (e.g. cement and Fgases within industry), and agriculture and LULUCF emissions (AFOLU). 27 further sub-sectors capture more detailed emissions trends.

Countries are grouped into regions following the IPCC AR6 WGIII classification based on geography and development status.

Global warming potentials

We use global warming potentials with a time horizon of 100 years (GWP100) to compare and aggregate different greenhouse gases. We use the latest GWP100 values with climate feedbacks from IPCC AR6 Working Group I, which are confidential until the release of the report in August 2021.

Data access

The data is published in an open access preprint, with the full detail on our sources and methods available:

[Note: a separate file with AR6 GWP100 values is available for IPCC authors on DM]

Differences to EDGARv5

Several changes occurred between EDGAR v5 and EDGAR v6. Methane emissions were revised down prior to 1990. Fgas emissions were substantially revised downwards. Savannah fire emissions are no longer available. The following file provides some detailed analysis on these changes in terms of totals, regions, sectors and countries: Link